What defines "active drowning"?

Active drowning is characterized by a swimmer who is in distress and unable to keep their head above water, struggling for breath. This typically involves frantic movements and efforts to stay afloat or get to safety, which can make it difficult for them to signal for help or even remain calm. During this phase, the individual may be gasping or splashing, engaging in behaviors such as reaching for the surface, but they are not able to effectively save themselves.

In contrast, a swimmer who is enjoying the water is clearly in control and likely not in distress. Someone floating calmly may be at ease or resting, but not actively drowning, while a swimmer calling for help indicates they are aware of their situation and seeking assistance, often a sign of a less immediate risk than someone who is actively struggling. The definition of active drowning focuses specifically on the urgent physical struggle and inability to breathe effectively, making it critical for lifeguards and bystanders to recognize and respond promptly.